Cervical Injury:
- C2 to C3 injury usually fatal
- C4 is the major innervation to the diaphragm by th phrenic nerve
- Involvement above th C4 causes respiratory difficulty and paralysis of all the four extremities
- C5 or below client may have movement in the shoulder
Thoracic Level Injury:
- loss of movement of the chest, trunk, bowel, bladder, and legs, depending on the level of injury
- Leg paralysis (paraplegia)
- Autonomic dysreflexia with lesions above T6 and in cervical lesions
- Visceral distention from a distended bladder or impacted rectum may cause reactions such as sweating, bradycardia, hypertension, nasal stuffiness, and gooseflesh
Lumbar and Sacral Level Injuries:
- loss of movement and sensation of the lower extremities.
- S2 and S3 center on micturation; therefore below this level, the bladder will contract but not empty (neurogenic bladder)
- Injury above S2 in males allows them to have an erection, but they are unable to ejaculate because of sympathetic nerve damage.
- Injury between S2 and S4 damages the sympathetic and parasympathetic response, preventing erection and ejaculation.
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